Mandatory Soft Body Armor Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

mandatory Soft Body Armor Safety - Essay ExampleOrganizational theory gives a conceptual framework on how organizations should be structured and how people leave alone be integrated into it for effective performance.The basal objective of a theory is to explain the nature of organization and ease to predict how it would behave at a lower place various circumstances (Tosi p 6). OT analyzes the structure and process of the organization by describing the effects of different variables on the style of people of the organization. It therefore gives a theoretical basis for managers to be able to predict the behavior and therefore design the organization to influence their behavior to meet the goals of the organization. A highly centralized and formalized (mechanistic bureaucracies) type of organization would be best suitable when various tasks to be performed is tumefy-understood, unchanging and how to best take to the woods is clearly spelt out. On the other extreme there may be organizations which do a high level of non-routine tasks (research), where there is no well defined or right way of doing defined, plainly has to be done through innovation and intuition. These may require highly decentralized organizational structures with appoint teams with powers suitably delegated. Contingency theory gives insight to managers on design of organization when facing different situations. counselling conclusiveness devising at various levels be it corporate strategy level decision making (how to design organizational process), functional level such as marketing (how to align operations with its strategy), IT and communications (how to design information systems) and Human Resources (how to fix compensation structure, training) will all need a conceptual understanding of organizational theory. Decision making on organizational structure and design, be it for the entire organization or for specific functional areas, back end be made better, if concept of organiz ational theory is well understood.Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior is concerned about the individual in the organization deep down the context of an organization. Human capital is an important resource in the organization and a manager has to shit the best from it he needs to understand human behavior in organisations. Concepts of individual personality, traits, and abilities will sponsor focal point in their decisions at the time of recruitment, promotion and making career development plans for its employees. It will help management decide on the best fit for various positions.Enlightened managers understand that an employee, very often, perceives management action affecting him as something quite different from what management intended it to be. An appreciation of one of the concepts of OB, perception, will help a manager to understand such situations better and come out with better decisions. Attitudes can significantly influence the behavior of person at work. Management is constantly worried about attitudes of its workers towards its policies and decision making on pay, compensation and rewards. Positive employee attitude is a

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

No topic - Essay ExampleInitially, the Colosseum was an entertainment, which by and by ceased to be earlier in the medieval era. It was reused as housing, workshops and Christian shrines. Due to the uniqueness and stability of the building, the Colosseum has square up the modern architecture in almost all aspects. Modern stadiums are using the Colosseum architectural pattern to ensure that the stadiums are strong enough to accommodate the maximum number of spectators. The structure of the Colosseum was unlike other Greek theatres built into the hillsides, as it was wholly a freestanding structure (Croci 1996). The outermost wall is pretended to have used a thousand cubic meters of travertine set without mortar. For this reason, they were held together by three cardinal tons of iron clamps. The influence the material and technology in the design of Colosseum Romes technological superiority was effected in the Roman civil and military engineering in which the Colosseum monument remains a will and icon in the modern architecture.Colosseum was unlike other Greek theatres built into the hillsides, as it was wholly a freestanding structure. It gets its structure from the two Roman theatres. The outer wall is assumed to have used a thousand cubic meters of travertine set without mortar. For this reason, they were held together by three nose candy tons of iron clamps. The outer wall has got a height of forty-eight meters (Croci 1996). The central arena oval shaped is 87m long and 55m wide. The arcades in the second and third floors framed statutes may be to honor the divinities.There were a two hundred and forty corbels positioned at the top attic .they support the Velariuz that kept the spectator from and rain. They had canvas-covered and net like structures do of rope and had a whole at center. These structures covered a range of two-thirds and went down to the center to appropriate the wind and give a breeze to the spectators (Massazza and Pezzuoli 1982) .

Higher Education in England Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Higher Education in England - Term Paper typesetters caseHigher Education Institutions make significant contributions to the local economy, directly by the labor market and, indirectly, through student spending in the community, and also contribute to the social and cultural life of their regions through bind for minority communities, theatre, cinema, and the arts.The higher education sector consists of some 170 institutions catering to a rich renewing of students from both local as well as overseas. The student body is growing in coat and character with an increase of over 39% between 1995 and 2003 to a current total of 2.2 million students. much(prenominal) growth is unprecedented and has been managed against a steadily declining unit of resource for teaching which only leveled off in 2002.Unprecedented increases in the teaching function digest presented universities with a range of financial and academic challenges during the oddment decade and have stimulated widespread c urriculum renewal, new modes of teaching and learning, and significant investment in the professional development of all categories of staff. The most recent challenge with respect to students will be the interpolation from 2006 of differential fees for full-time students from the European Union. This is likely to stimulate an even more customer and client-responsive culture in the sector. Even so, some institutions and transmission lines make a loss on every student they teach wherefore cross-subsidy is necessary and much teaching and research have been at the expense of investment in infrastructure. Margins crossways the sector are paper thin. Many of the students now entering the English universities come from family backgrounds and geographical regions which have been traditionally under-represented in higher education. Despite the increasing and more diverse student population course completion rates continue to be high and record subjugates graduate with a gradient of aw ards from foundation to doctoral levels. England completion rates are amongst the highest in the worldUniversities derive their income from a number of sources with the bulk coming from the Funding Councils (39%) and grants from the UK Research Councils (17%).

Hinduism paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hinduism paper - Essay Example(Brodd, 2003) Interestingly, Hinduism differs from the other dominating worships, such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc due to a number of factors. Firstly, unlike abovementioned religions, Hinduism does not offer a mating belief system, which has lots been criticized by scholars of comparative religious studies. However, despite of such lacking, this religion has been able to unite its followers socially, as tumefy as, culturally. (Michaels, 2004) In other words, Hinduism can be deemed as a cultural and regional programme for moral development, rather than a religious notion.One of the most significant factors that unite members of Hindu religion is its region. Unlike other religions where a religious scholar can bring a non-religious person into his religion, merely individuals that born in the sub-continent are allowed to be a part of Hinduism, which is one of the most significant factors of uniting members of the Hindu community. Generally, it is a misconception that Hinduism is a polytheistic religion however, Vedas are the most recognized sacred scriptures of Hinduism that pronounces monotheistic concept of God. In institutionalise, Hindus worship different deities and idols, which are considered as attributes to one God, Brahma, and idolatry is an important practice of Hinduism that has kept its followers united in a cultural manner. (Brodd, 2003) Thirdly, social structure described in sacred scriptures of Hinduism has played a vital and crucial case in maintaining balance in the Hindu society. Although social classes of such system, such as Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra have been used politically as well however, it has organized the society in an effective manner.Cultural aspect of Hinduism has played a significant role in influencing the social and cultural practices of people living in the sub-continent. Devotional literature and traditions have provided an artistic touch to

Conflict Resolution at the Place of Business Essay

Conflict Resolution at the Place of barter - Essay ExampleThis complexity must be understood and overcome in order for both(prenominal) parties to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion.The facts of the case are as follows Our company (for this paper, USCo), a large, Midwest-based American medical company, had recently decided to increase its direct presence in the European healthcare market. Up to now, our company had some distributors in Europe, and some European countries in which we used distributors. While we intended to substantiate distributors in the smaller markets, such as Eire and Greece, we regarded the nine major countries as too important to furnish to a distributor. The company we were negotiating with (for this paper, FrenchCo) had been distributing our product, a line of sophisticated automation instruments for microbiology, for over 10 years in Italy and France.USCo had been successful with its automated instruments throughout the world, but was lagging against oth er key competitors in the European market. Of fussy concern was our market share in Germany, France and Italy. In some European countries, such as the Nordic countries, we were direct and enjoyed a number one position in the automated segment of the market.We matt-up that FrenchCo, patronage its strong reputat... Their ability to gain market share was unimpressive. We felt that FrenchCos managers were hidebound and focused on traditionalistic manual technologies.FrenchCos viewpoint FrenchCo had started with Louis Pasteur, and defined microbiology not just for France, but for the world. FrenchCos mission was to offer the very outflank microbiology products, be they automated or manual, to the global market. Although FrenchCo was a smaller company than USCo, it was nevertheless a loss leader due to its history, its emphasis on quality, and its deep understanding of the science of microbiology.Expectations for the coming togetherWe at USCo could only view what FrenchCos attitudes were. We guessed that they knew we were suffering with our current distribution results, and that they had watched us develop direct distribution in European countries roughly them. We felt that they were trying to develop their own automated instruments, but did not know how far along they were in the development.After the negotiations were completed, we hired one of the FrenchCo managers, and learned a good deal about FrenchCos expectations. As it turned out, FrenchCo was developing an instrument, but did not want us to know that. While they were also unhappy with the business results, they felt that they could learn about our technologies and use that knowledge to effectively compete against us. They also felt that we would fail if we came to the French market without them. They were not particularly concerned about the Italian market.Start of the NegotiationsWe suggested the meeting time, but FrenchCo chose the venue. We met in a leafy suburb of Paris. The President met us at the door by and by a 40-minute wait. We were expecting to be led to a conference room.

What is Philosophy Philosophical Conceptions Of Life Essay

What is philosophical system Philosophical Conceptions Of Life - Essay ExampleIt was believed that the gods were volatile and unpredictable and thus patch was at their mercy because they controlled everything. Philosophers introduced a very different line of thought, divergent from the first assumption. They atomic number 18 referred to as thinkers, implying that they ushered in an era where solid ground started to come to destructions ab go forth the issues of life through reason and observation. Philosophy has big(a) over the years and has been subject to religious and ethical considerations. This is because religion and ethical standards determine how people travel and philosophy tries to explain wherefore things happen and how people act in certain ways. Philosophical tale started to appear in ancient Greece in the 6th century B.C.in the city of Miletus (Russell 3). This early group of philosophers is cognize as the Milesian philosophers because of the city they came f rom.These early philosophers may have had findings that would seem odd today, such as roughly claims made by unitary of the Philosophers, Thales, that everything was made of water and everything is full of gods, but all the same, it was the gods that triggered man to keel from his earlier position and to examine other ways to explore why things happened the way they did and why man also behaved the way he did. Man started to observe life from a completely new office due to the influence of philosophers. Ancient Greece went on to produce some of the greatest philosophers in the western world, and this revolutionized the completely world in its way of thinking as man started to thirst for and seek wisdom (Kenny, 19). Philosophy has been referred to by some people as the love of wisdom. Philosophy is primary(prenominal) to man because it looks at prefatorial issues through reason and observation, and thus enables us to choose the way to do things and also how to live with one an other in harmony in any given situation and grouping. It enables man to come to conclusion about issues from a point of knowledge. Today, philosophy has developed over the years and covers mainly for different areas which are logic, epistemology, metaphysics and axiology. Logic involves the obtaining of knowledge by looking at the evidence and listening to the arguments brought forth and analyzing them philosophically (Brown). bulk may say what they do not mean but a philosopher can bring out the truth through philosophical reasoning. Epistemology, which is a branch of philosophy, is the ability to support what we believe with facts about it. It looks at what conditions must be satisfied so as to assert that what we say is true about something. As man makes statements about issues, epistemology is very important. Metaphysics is the study of what things exist, their nature and the reasons why they function the way they do. It also deals with examining why people behave the way they do. It examines whether it is through their free will or as a progeny of other factors. This is an important shift from the pre philosophy period where all was attributed to the gods and other personalities. It enables man to know his world better and even integrate better. Axiology is the study of different types of values, and these are beauty and art, social and political aspects and ethics (Brown). Political philosophy has facilitated the setting up of beneficial political systems while ethical behavior is important as people live with one another in the world because it examines right and wrong and good and evil.

Lowering the drinking age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lowering the drinkable age - Essay recitationThis essay assurees varied approaches that depict the merits and demerits of lowering the drinking age.Researchers establish that the American youths should gain access to drinking after attaining the majority age of eighteen having the ability to distinguish the good from the bad accordingly. The reason open up is that the constraints in prevalence over drinking remains ineffective as the youths would access alcohol by practicing other uncensored alternatives. For example, the youth were adapting to distinct approaches to the habit, through organizing parties as the best alternatives to drinking. The reason behind the dissolvent into beer parties is a deviant from the authorities that controlled the drinking points. Further, the youth below the drinking age remain open to unhealthy drinking practices as much as they practiced it in isolation (Toomey, Nelson, and Lenk, 2009).The behavior is preponderantly possessive, and the authorit ies should ease the stringent measures over the drinking age. Arguments are that the importance of allowing teenagers into alcoholism through cut the limit to the age of eighteen (Rigler, 2000). The controversy is that, the government stands accused on the measures on drinking, stipulating that the measures have indirectly stimulated rapence into the habit, rather than reducing. There is likeliness that the youths continually indulge into drinking, a factor propelled by the urge to experience different dimensions that seem attractive although restricted by the law (Smith, 1995).Different findings establish that because of the perceived oppression following the sanctioned drinking age of 18 years, the youth continually indulge into the habit as it is common that humans are defiant to change and will react accordingly. shew depicts that the youth are curious on attaining the drinking age of twenty-one, and with an

Antitrust Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Antitrust Case workplace - Research Paper ExampleThe agreement was signed on 17th February 1983 by the chairmen of Toyota and GM, and triggered one of the biggest and just about controversial antitrust investigations in recent history. The vital brain was whether it was plausible that the vocalise venture would rattling lead to an increase in domestic small cars that were manufactured more efficiently, with good insights that GM and otherwise firms could use in their plants, or whether it could lead to the regulation of pricing and other conduct among GM and Toyota and merely supplant less-anticompetitive options that GM could have employed in order to realize its objectives. The examination of these question shed light on a number of issues the changes in behavior that could crop up from the phrase venture, the scale of the efficiencies resulting from the venture, economic impacts of the joint venture, and the options available to GM. Some new tools were developed in order t o label and examine the joint venture, but they did not result in an agreement with regard to its consequences. Key delivery Antitrust, GM, Toyota, joint venture, small cars Analysis Most proposed joint ventures, acquisitions, and mergers above a particular size desire that, under the stipulations of the Hart-Scott-Rodino premerger notification act of 1976, the Department of Justice and the FTC (Federal transition Commission) be notified. This process provides both agencies with beat to investigate a proposed arrangement before it is consummated. In this case, the FTC was mandated to carry out the investigation. In April 1983, Toyota and GM filed initial information and responded to calls for additional information during the summer (White, 1991). The investigation was referred to as one of the most intensive and prolonged antitrust examinations ever conducted. The final judgment was delivered by five FTC commissioners, and was founded on different memoranda from a consulting e conomist, the Bureau of Competition (the legal personnel), and the Bureau of Economics. The two bureaus recommended that the joint venture be approved, but the advisers report recommended that it should be contested. In December 1983, and based on these analyses, the FTC commissioners voted 3-2 provisionally to allow the joint venture to be effected, subject to a few minor revisions. Final approval was confirmed by the same margin (3-2) in April of 1984. The fact that there were no court proceedings means that Toyota and GM did not formally account for their positions. In addition to this, there was no direct merging of the issues between the critics and proponents of the joint venture, and not even a public disclosure of evidential paperwork (Cole & Andrea, 1987). The only thing that existed was a set of documents amounting to 1364 pages that the FTC released in January of 1984. Cooperative Behavior and Market Definition This is the first issue in the epitome of the joint venture , and involves the possibility of cooperative behavior in the appropriate grocery. This called for a determination of the geographic market and appropriate product and then an evaluation of the likelihood that the companies in that market might cooperate in a way that would hurt market efficiency and consumers. Clearly, if the

Case Study Plaskor Inc.Accounting Information Systems Internal

Plaskor Inc.Accounting entropy Systems Internal Controls and Risks in IT Systems - Case Study ExampleThus, Plaskor Inc. has underscored implementation of this strategy in carrying out manufacturing of automotive parts since it needs to trade with other partners.a) This section of the paper seeks to tell apart the extra IT system lucks that Plaskor should postulate as it evaluates whether to buy or develop an Internet EDI system. According to Segev, Porrar, and Roldan (n.d.), the main risk that can be faced by Plaskor is related to the aspect of security. Whether to buy or develop the system, there are certain(prenominal) risks that are likely to be faced. For instance, the system can be intruded by hackers who are bent on stealing occupancy information belonging to other organizations. The security risk is more threatening to the viability of business since this can impact its operations. The system is also likely to be infiltrated by spyware which can affect the operations of the company. The company can lose vital information as a result of spyware that can be picked from the Internet. Therefore, there is a need to build strong firewalls in order to protect data from creation stolen by other unscrupulous people.Plaskor can choose to develop the EDI system, which implies that it should also develop translators which can rule the data so that it can be exchanged smoothly between two different companies. However, the risk likely to be encountered is that the translators may not be compatible with transmission and security systems and back completion systems that ultimately process EDI instructions (Segev, Porrar, & Roldan, n.d.). This may affect the seamless flow of information, hence the need to aim concerted efforts in order to ensure that the translators are compatible with the internal systems of the company. Failure to do so may impact the smooth flow of information between linked computers.b) This section of the paper seeks to describe IT interna l controls that should be incorporated into an Internet EDI system. Systematic scheduling has to be put in

Build and Sustain an Innovative Work Environment Assignment - 2

Build and Sustain an Innovative Work surroundings - Assignment ExampleThe precept aligns those of thoroughgoing(a) Atlantic Reds business needs since it depends on customers to buy the services. Another underlying principle is that innovation should drive the core business process (Davila, Epstein, & Shelton, 2012). new Atlantic Little Red is al slipway in a constant need for new ways of providing goods and services to their customers thus the principle aligns with its business needs. In addition, the innovation be after relies on the principle of neat ten times better with the new ideas (Boons, & Ldeke-Freund, 2013). The new idea should prove better than the precedent and even far much better than those of the competitors. There are many domestic flights in the UK and Virgin Atlantic Little aims at becoming a leader in the industry thus the principle serves its business interests.A major area, that requires the pilot program, is the service provisions especially the flight ser vices. Onboard services want inflight entertainment and connectivity will suit the pilot program since it proposes the provision of unique experiences to the passengers on board. The program king as well suit booking services with a strong emphasis on mobile and reliable booking system to the customers.The plan begins notifying the management to know how best the staff can machine the proposal. In the implementation stage, it is also imperative to develop time frame for all activities specifying duration for their completion. On the other hand, the plan will have performance indicators to notify the implementing team on the success of the plan in meeting set goals and objectives. Moreover, the implementation plan should have a monitoring mechanism and arrogate duties to specific individuals.The communication plan in this proposal entails developing a comprehensive plan that states where fetter of command come from and those who take the orders. Commands should come from the ex ecutive management who also has to state clearly the objectives and

Turtles Can Fly, Bahman Ghobadi (2005) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Turtles Can Fly, Bahman Ghobadi (2005) - examine ExampleThe mines that be made in America argon the best mines according to him. Ironically, he gets injure by an American mine later in the movie.Turtles Can Fly makes use of imagery beautifully through which the audience can easily see the horrid state of the refugees and be thankful that it is not out there itself. For instance, in a long-shot, it appears as if there is a cattle grazing in the field further the close-up reveals that those are children picking up mines. This is almost like the life of those children is being compared to that of animals so revealing the sad state in which the children are. The children do very dangerous work and their state is pitiable. Yet, they are able to enjoy the trivial things and events that they come across while being in the refugee camp. In single scene, Pashow, who has a broken leg, taunts a Turkish guard on the border and is not worried that he is putting his life into danger while doi ng that.A very important point is that the movie is fast related to the US-Iraq war but there is no bias or a tilt towards each side by any of the characters. The children in the movie are too busy in choice to have an opinion on the war. This gives the audience a very important message that many of those who are directly involved in the circumstances created by the war are largely unconcerned with triumph or loss. They just look to get their own lives in order. This message can also be seen in the shot of a turtle which is thrown into water by the blind child but it is shown like it is flying. This indicates freedom and happiness. The war is revealed to the audience in visions of Henkov. This shows that the real war happens in the background and the management is on its casualties. The red tilt are used as a metaphor serving as a trophy which gives Satellite a sense of accomplishment. He dives in the lake to look for red fish but never finds any. He gets a few from Shirko

Describe DoD Dir 8570.1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describe DoD Dir 8570.1 - Assignment usageThe policy positions the professional security information as a distinctive job series and facilitates effectuality as well as cost-efficiency of commercial certification in America. The directive recognizes the international standard - ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 as it provides a portable certification accepted in the private and public sectors. The directive has far-reaching implications that provide a neutral measure of quality of skills, knowledge, and abilities that every military personnel possesses (a way to standardize enterprise long certification). The policy eliminates consistent problems in the next that can be as a result of pretermit of regulated global recognized qualifications by providing a metric that can be measured intimately and reliably (Bieber, 2008).In addition, the directive encourages military personnel to develop and evolve their skills and knowledge in go on professional education upgrade those skills and keep them cu rrent. It also tries to reduce language disparity in the future between makers of information security policy and those that implement the policy. Therefore, this directive serves as the vanguard for identifying security take and policy-making requirements that are essential for national and governmental reforms in the future (Smith, 2009)Cooper, S., Nickell, C., Piotrowski, V., Oldfield, B., Abdallah, A., Bishop, M. & Brynielsson, J. (2010). An exploration of the current allege of information assurance education. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 41(4),

Motorcycle Market Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motorcycle Market Report - search ExampleThe recent trends in the motor bike industry suggest that the industry is shifting towards achieving more than than individualization or customization into the motor bikes offered to the guests. This customization comes in many forms. Therefore accessory offered by me is of really nifty value and according to the recent market trend.The $14.6 billion* U.S. market for motorbikes is set to see its 13th square(a) growth year with the support of a key consumer bloc. Baby boomers are heading out on the highway in droves. Motorcycles, including cruisers, sport bikes, touring and dirt bikes accounted for nearly 91% of motorcycle sales in 2004 and scooters, beat bikes and dual-purpose bikes accounted for the rest of the market. All segments have experienced a boost in 2005 and through 2006, due to skyrocketing gunman prices, bringing more cycle devotees into the core user group and further changing the face of the motorcycle consumer. In 20 03, there were 8.8 million motorcycles in operation in the United States, or 3 motorcycles for all(prenominal) 100 persons. Of those, 6.9 million were used on public roads and highways, and 2.4 million were used off-road, these figures also imply 500,000 dual-bikes, which are designed for use on public roads and for off-highway recreational purposes.* (http//www.tank-sports.com)Heated grips work as a flexible, adhesive, wrap-around heating element with printed-circuit-type elements that fit between the handlebar and grip, keeping your digits from turning into frozen turkey feet of hold utility during cold weather rides.. (http//www.aerostich.com)C)The market for allied accessories are high as the trends for customization are change magnituded. It has been notice that the there exists different markets for bikes of different classes. The demand for such luxury individualized bikes are such that it has at present transformed itself into a luxury business. It must also be noted t hat the market for accessories also depends upon what large-hearted of luxury is customer ordering. The new trends in the market suggest that the customers prefer various chracterstics. If a customer require speed, the chasis built on the bikes could be light with some extensions in steerings of the bike whereas those prefer foresighted journey can have heated seats with extra cushions so that the journey become more swift and trouble free. The market is growing as many research studies have suggested that the average income in the industry of the end users is increasing . A study suggest followingThe average motorcycle passenger was a 38-year-old married male with a college education earning $44,250 per year, according to Irwin Broh & Associatess 1998 survey. More than a third of motorcycle owners surveyed earned at least $50,000 per year, up from 20 percent in 1990. This profile represented an increase from just two years earlier, when the average motorcycle owner was 32 years o ld, with a medial household income of $33,100, according to the Motorcycle Statistical Annual 1996. These older, more affluent riders of 1998 could afford heavier, more comfortable, more expensive motorcycles. Also, the ranks of women motorcyclists continued to grow in the 1990s, rising from 6.4 percent of riders in 1990 to 8.2 percent in 1998. (http//www.answers.com) so the average spending on

What my reason is for wanting to become a nurse Essay

What my reason is for wanting to endure a nurse - Essay ExampleI was a child who attracted stray dogs, a weakened turtle who wouldnt eat for a week, a butterfly with a bent wing, and a uncontrolled lizard I tried to comfort while it was re-growing a lost tail. While other children lick cotton candy, I focused on whether zoo animals had enough food and water, so they would be whole and happy during their confinement. I gave backrubs to anyone in need. I visited a family friend in the hospital and eagerly voiceless in the smell and sounds of this place where they fix people.When my mother became pregnant, I participated in preparing the nursery and shopping for our forthcoming addition. I made lists of things I would teach the new bollix up, people we should tell about the baby, and my suggestions for names. Everyone was happy.When he arrived, my baby brother looked different from other babies. I learned he had Down Syndrome. He would be mentally retarded and would not be able to do all the things on my list. He would require helper to have a good life. I appointed myself to take charge. I collected information, and I ruling maybe I could fix what was wrong,As my baby brother grew into toddlerhood, he come overmed tired. He had a congenital heart defect. My family was sad and afraid. We adored him and wanted everything good for him, and now there was a new challenge. I prayed. I gave up things I liked, hoping it would be a trade for things my brother needed. But at 14 months of age, we lost him.I tried to see how my excellent mind, my love, and enthusiastic efforts were not enough. Eventually I came to understand that helping a person may not always mean fixing them. With my parents help, I came to see that my support, love and caring had been just what he needed during his precious, short life.I feel that I was disposed(p) a gift to make a difference in the lives of people who are ill. I cannot bring around every life I come into contact with, but I want to

Leading and Managing in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leading and Managing in Organisations - Essay Exampleiate it with several(prenominal)thing negative that brings in importiveness of the working or living conditions or the situation that promote inefficiency within the organization. However, impinge is not forever and a day a dismal thing, in particular when it appears within organizations. Some types of conflict instead encourage sore visions and solutions and increases creativity within the working team (Sims, 2002). Mullins (2007) proposes alternative philosophies of conflict. One of such concepts is a unitarist perspective, which is more handed-down and views harmony and cooperation as natural state of human interactions. That is why it views conflict as negative effect of different misunderstandings and unwillingness to follow the common rules. While in the organizations the unitarist perspective is followed, it assumes that all organizational particle should be in the same side, should be united by the leader and pursue the same goals. Whether some fail to follow the rest, they create conflict situation. The most vivid example of unitarist concept is the creation of team, a group of people that would follow certain rules and be led by the other person for the pastime of reaching the same target. The pluralist perspective does not see conflict as an evil for the effectiveness of organization. Instead, it sees conflict as natural concept, however pluralists stay for handling conflict and set up certain policies and rules how to execute conflict. The radical perspective is derived from the Marxist idea about the constant struggle between owners and those who should work for owners. In organizations, a conflict is viewed as struggle between capital and labor, where managers are seen as the agents of owners and should not deliver their interest other than owners. Conflicts arise if managers fail to recognize these facts. The interactionist perspective views conflict as neither bad nor good thing, how ever, it is the integral part of each organization. However, the absence of conflict bears no ideas and

Significant experiences in my life , how it impact on my life and what Essay

material experiences in my life , how it impact on my life and what i beget learned from it - Essay specimenHis death made me a more realistic person. It all happened very sudden No unmatched expected that he would get cancer, but I believe that it was Gods will. To be apprize and precise, my blood brother in laws death was my most significant experience in my life. And it changed me forever.My brother in law had thought me simple and profound lessons in life. He said that life gives us opportunities and lucks to be better. Although he was not able to change his fate, he believed that if he was becalm alive, he would still search for opportunities to make his life betterThe most memorable lesson I learned from him was about scathe and making sacrifices. He had advised me to study abroad, specifically in the United States, for it is an integral part of success. I remember him saying, studying abroad will be more difficult than what you think Ahmed But you have to make sacrific es if you want to achieve more in the future. No one knows what the future holds. Preparation should be made while you are young and healthy. By studying abroad, he said that I would be given the privilege to meet other people from other culture and be given the chance to learn a multitude of things from different context. After studies, I would have a greater avail to apply the skills developed abroad and thereby giving me more chance to be of help to my family and countrymen. of import experiences are moments in life that create change not only in ones present close of life, but also dramatically alter ones view of the future. This, actually, is happening to me now. I have believed it. Although my brother in laws death was a big shock, it was a timely lesson from God. The impacts of such experiences are opening move new doors in life. And every new opportunity is a new door. Everyone should work better straight off than yesterday. Whenever I remember him, I try to be better in whatever I do. I study well. I savor every moment that I live. I realized that God has plans for severally and

Race by the Numbers Essay Example for Free

Race by the Numbers EssayIn his article, Race by the Numbers, Orlando Patterson argued virtually the misinterpretation of the count results and that this misinformation is having negative effects on the post of the people. The misinterpreted part of the count, according to Patterson, was the idea that the tribe of the Whites is becoming the minority in many areas of the country. Thus, Patterson offered arguments and ideas to disprove the validity of the interpretation. However, the question is whether or not Patterson was sufficient to persuade the readers, the citizens, that the interpretation of the census report was indeed incorrect. Pattersons article is full of information especially statistical and quantitative information that helped him in establishing ground for his arguments. Patterson affirmation that 48 pct of Hispanics classified themselves as solely white (p. 83) adds to his persuasive argument that is alike support by the next sentence in the article, Hi spanics can be of any career (p. 83). These statements clearly support the fact that the total percentage of Whites in was decreased as interpreted by the census report.Patterson also included studies that affirm his claim including recent census result. Patterson stated that, whites lead constitute 74. 8 percent of the total population in 2050, and that non-Hispanics will still be 52. 8 percent of the total (p. 83) as indicated by the recent census. With such facts indicated in the article, it can be said that Patterson was able to build a strong evidence and supporting detains and information regarding his assertions. Thus, his argument, regarding the population of white Americans in the country, is a gross spin (Patterson p.83) is not a mere point of view but is supported by facts and relevant information. By establishing the facts and the arguments, it can be said that Pattersons primary(prenominal) purpose of writing the article was to show that the population of whites in America is still and will uphold to be the majority disproving the assumption that non-Hispanic whites will displace to be the majority (Patterson, p. 82). By doing so, Patterson aims to encourage the whites that they still are the majority and will continue to be. In this case, Patterson was able to do great job through his article.However, Patterson also indicated in his article the idea that each group in the new minority-majority country has longstanding grievances against whites, thus, Patterson may also want to claim the invalidness of this assertion through his article. But in this case, was Patterson effective? Basing from the article, Patterson was really able to encourage the whites and take off the doubt that they will cease to be the majority. However, Patterson was not able to take away the idea that minority groups in America bear grievances on whites.On the contrary, it til now points out another idea, that whites does not bring down minority groups as to be eq ual to them. Thus, instead of disproving the issue of minorities having grievances on whites, the article may even fuel the said issue. The article can trigger grievances against whites since the article establishes the idea that whites are and will continue to be the superior race in the country. Therefore, this may cause insecurity and rebellion against the white race since others may wish to see the downfall of a superior race. Patterson also included historical developments in regarding some issues such as the classification of races.Patterson stated that, In 1930 Mexicans were classified as a reprint race by the Census Bureau which reclassified them as white in 1940, after protests (p. 84). Patterson also mentioned 2 other related issues in history. In this case, Patterson was able to convince the readers regarding the misclassification done that lead to the misinterpretation of the census result. Thus, Patterson once again established a ground for his ideas and arguments by nullifying the classification made by the census bureau on the issue of which races are to be included as whites.As mentioned earlier, the author was able to establish the supporting facts about his claims. However, there are some instances that the author failed to mention relative and beta information. Patterson adapted a study stating that, Recent studies indicate that the second-generation Hispanic whites are intermarrying (p. 83). However, Patterson did not mention what finicky study reaches that conclusion. Therefore, readers in doubt of that particular argument have no means of verifying the claim.Patterson should have indicated all the necessary information about the research to enable the readers to locate the particular study, otherwise doubts will re chief(prenominal) doubts in the minds of the readers. Although the article has its strengths, i. e. the use of statistical information, the weakness of the article is readily available to the readers. The main weakness of the article was that the author, Mr. Patterson, was obviously one sided in writing the article. The bias can be seen from the very(prenominal) beginning of the article. Thus, this limits the trust of the readers and the integrity of the author.Showing personal biases is will really lead to doubts and disbeliefs of the authors claim since the readers are aware that he or she is arguing for or against one side. Thus, in persuading the readers about a certain action or issue, one must show personal biases for this will give out the arguments and the ideas presented by the author. In order to establish a ground proof about an argument, a writer must not show biases as much as possible. It would be better to show the polar arguments of both side and show relative information, facts and evidences and let the readers decide which arguments weigh more basing from the given evidences. each(prenominal) in all, Patterson did a great job in laying the arguments and he was able to fulfil hi s main objective, to encourage the whites. However, as mentioned earlier, the article has its own weaknesses as well. Thus, the article would only be effective if the reader is taking the same side as Pattersons, otherwise, the article would seem very racist of which whites are considered rare to others. The validity of the claims is thus, very subjective on the personality and side that the readers will take.

The Weaknesses Of The U.S. Criminal Justice System Essay Example for Free

The Weaknesses Of The U.S. vile umpire System EssayIntroductionThe Michael capital of Mississippi, a continuation of the an epic cycle of repute exams that contracted with O.J. Simpson, passing through and through Kobe Bryant, Robert Blake and Phil Spector commence undoubtedly brought to the front concerns well-nigh the Ameri suffer Criminal legal expert System1.The verdict of the Michael capital of Mississippi trial, delivered on June 13 2005, capped the chain of events that was sparked send off by the broadcast of Living With Michael capital of Mississippi a TV documentary programme by British journa contention Martin Bashir. Like e unfeignedly other celebrity trial in hi fable, the Michael Jackson trial offered a cocktail of fame, sex and violence. It provided an opportunity to look behind the veil that normally protects the private lives of celebrities. However, to the proudest degree importantly, it brought to the fore questions intimately the politics that inf luence the U.S. Criminal evaluator System2In the pull round couple of decades, at that place engender been development concerns roughly the politising of unlawful arbiter in the join fixs and the increasing punitive climax to umbrage agree. It has been showd that the wretched jurist trunk is in decline in its goal of abomination control3. The last few decades read witnessed dramatic increase in the number of Ameri provoke citizens in prison and other custody facility, solo if this has non translated to decrease in nuisance pastures.Beck and Paige4 reports that the 1990s saw an unprecedented rise in the United maintains incarceration population. They reported that in 1990, thither were just nearly 1.1 million US citizens incarcerated in federal, state and topical anesthetic facilities, by the year 2000, this figure has increased to 2,071,686. The U.S Bureau of justness Statistics, corroborating the above particular, states that the rate of incarceration in the U.S. increased from 292 inmates per 100,000 US residents in 1990 to 478 at year-end 20005.Unfortunately, this increasing toughness on execration has non in anyway translated to reduction in aversion. In a study released by the US surgical incision of Justice in June6, authorize Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, it was reported of the approximately 300,000 prisoners released in 15 states in 1994, 67 percent were be-arrested inside the first trine years. Comp atomic number 18d to a similar study do in 1983 where 62 percent of prisoners released were re-arrested, the growing in in force(p)ness of the pitiful jurist giving medication body be serves apparent.The rest of this analyze in ladders to adequately support the furrow that the United States Criminal Justice remains is weak and in opinionive, using the 2005 Michael Jackson trial as a yardstick. In this regard, the rest of the essay will be structured and so The next section will provide a brief review of the Michael Jackson trial. This will be followed by an analysis of the United States Criminal Justice System. This section will detail factors that have been indicted as responsible for the in powerfulness of the abominable justness formation and also attempt to examine how these factors have come to play in the Michael Jackson trial. The last part of the essay shall provide a summary of the argument thus far, and accordingly a conclusion.The chain of events that characterised the Michael Jackson trial started with the broadcast in February 2003 of Living With Michael Jackson, an uncomplimentary television documentary by British-Pakistani journalist Martin Bashir7. In the programme, the boy was shown holding hands with Jackson and resting on his shoulders. In November of the same year, California constabulary authorities searched Jacksons Neverland Ranch after child molestation allegations were make against him. afterward that month, Jackson was booked and arrested on child molestation charges and released on $3 million bail8. semi plaster castal charges were filed against Jackson in December of the same year and in April 2004, a grand jury indicted Jackson on charges of molesting the boy at the centre of the trial, giving him alcoholic drink and conspiring to hold him and his family captive in 2003. Jackson, however, pleaded not guilty and did not testify during the trial, though testimony and losing arguments lasted slightly 14 weeks before the jury as wellk all everywhere the case9.The Grand jury proceedings started in March and by April 21 2004, indicted Jackson10. The grand jury was sedate of nineteen jurors the indictment required the votes of at least twelve of them. Prosecution witnesses testified without defense attorneys force cross-examination. The judge rule that witnesses before the grand jury could talk to defence attorneys about their k immediatelyledge of the case as coarse as the witnesses did not tell what they saw in the grand jury room or what questions they were asked and their answers11.Later in April, after the indictment, a sudden change in Michael Jacksons defence team was announced. Ben Brafman and Mark Geragos were replaced with Robert Blakes defence attorney Thomas Mesereau12. According to CNN discriminatory analyst Jeffrey Toobin, tension from the Jackson family from not having Geragos full assistance, because of the Scott Peterson cobblers last penalty case being at trial, and quick responses to their questions regarding media coverage of Michaels case were the reasons for the dismissal13.The jury selection for the trial started on January 31, 2005, and lasted less than a month. Twelve members of the jury, comprising eight women and four men, were selected from a pool of 200 flock from the Santa breakbara County. The twelve member jury, ranging from 20-79years old had no single Black American, although, there was one African-American juror in the eight alternate jurors (four men, f our women), selected for the case14.The trial, as it unfolds, was full of scandalous testimonies, dramatic moments and lots of celebrity defence. While, on the one hand, prosecuting attorneys alleged that in the aftermath of the Bashir documentary in 2003, Jackson and five others, who where not indicted, have contrived to control and intimidate the childs family in other to get them to cooperate with damage control efforts, including forcefully keeping them at Neverland against their will15 on these grounds, Jackson was charged with four counts of lewd conduct with a child younger than 14 one count of attempted lewd conduct four counts of administering alcohol to facilitate child molestation and one count of conspiracy to commit child abduction, false gyves or extortion16.On the other hand, Jacksons lawyers consistently portrayed him as a naive victim of the childs family, who were allegedly schemers and good at extorting money from rich and famous the great unwashed. There were 9 1 prosecution and 50 defence witnesses throughout the trial period17. In May 2005 the witnesses for the defence testified. law of closure arguments of both sides were returned in the beginning of June and on the 13th of June, 2005, the jury, after a 37hour deliberation that spanned seven days, announced Jackson not guilty and exonerate him of all the charges18.However, and most importantly for this discussion is the consequences of the trial. The aftermath of the trial witnessed some(prenominal) allegations of jury misconduct and several criticisms tossed back at Janet Arvizo, the experience of the accuser19. Among the several jury misconduct allegations, the fifth jury admitted to illegally legal transfer in a medical text to show Jackson fit the books definition of a paedophile, objet dart also conceding to have winked Michael Jacksons mother, Katherine Jackson, even though jurors are supposed to avoid all much(prenominal) communication, no matter how innocent.Furtherto a greater extent, she claimed that there were three devoted fans of Michael Jackson in the jury, who made it clear from the start that they would never convict Michael Jackson (with one referring to him affectionately as my Michael), era she herself allegedly came in on the jury with the sole intent of convicting Jackson and later writing a book about it. When Jackson was acquitted, her book deal fell through20.Jurors Cook and Hultman also claimed that the juror foreman, Paul Rodriguez, threatened to remove them from the jury, unless they hold to acquit Jackson, even though jurors cannot be removed from a jury simply because they dont agree with the others. both jurors expressed regret about acquitting Jackson (Jackson Juror Sues over volume Deal, 2005). Also, in the aftermath of the trial, Janet Arvizo, the mother of the accuser, was charged with eudaimonia fraud on August 2005 for allegedly collecting nearly $19,000 in payments while making false claims21.During her testimony at the Jackson trial, Arvizo cited the Fifth Amendment against sinful self-incrimination in refusing to answer questions about how she succeeded in illegally obtaining welfare payments while having to a greater extent(prenominal) than $30,000 in the bank. However, during the defence case, a Jackson lawyer walked a California discussion section of Social Services representative through Arvizos welfare industrys, pointing out how she repeatedly failed to disclose, as required by law, assets and financial assistance she was receiving.Among many devastating criticisms tossed at Arvizo during the Jackson trial, the welfare fraud allegations were particularly damaging since they looked to be backed by government documents22. Though this cases finally died, the lapses that came to the fore as a consequence of the trial, especially allegations of influences on the jury and other misconducts, undoubtedly re-affirms the concern that the American criminal evaluator system of rules is gre atly politicised, ineffective and weak. The rest of this essay will examine the character of the American criminal justness system with a view to ascertaining influences or factors that have contributed to this weakness.Criminal Justice refers to the system apply by government to maintain social control, prevent crime, enforce laws, and administer evaluator. The police, prosecution, courts and department of department of corrections facilities are the major component of any criminal umpire system23. To be most effective, criminal umpire systems must not only seek to punish offenders, but also attempt to rehabilitate and successfully re-integrate offenders into the larger society, so that they can become law abiding and useful citizens. Anything short of this goal should be unacceptable24.Unfortunately, most modern criminal judge systems take an ineffective punitive approach to crime control. The last few decades in the United States has witnessed increasing emphasis on incar ceration as a crime control tool, with a political mandate to get tough on crime as foreign to using alternative sanctions. This effort has failed to combat crime, in most cases it has push increased crime rates25.As mentioned earlier on, in a study released by the US Department of Justice in June 2002, entitled Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, it was found that of the nearly 300,000 prisoners released in 15 States in 1994, 67 percent were re-arrested within three years while a study of 1983 prison releases estimated that 62 percent re-arrested within the same timeframe26. This shows that disrespect the increasing number of incarcerated populations, the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in combating crime is reduced considerably. It becomes very obvious that the several environsal factors which includes legal, culturally and political influences on the American criminal justice system has produced a weak, fragmented and utterly ineffective criminal justice sy stem27.The organisational milieu of any system can be described as any extraneous phenomenon, event, group or individual which whitethorn straighten up of technological, legal, political, economic, demographic, ecological and cultural forces that affect such(prenominal) a system28. Kolfas and colleagues hike up contend that as environmental conditions change, demands for service, legal resources and positions on policy and programs of both ordinary and private organizations may change.They then explained that in adapting to these new demands, constraints and pressures may alter the mission or policy of the organization. Relating this to the criminal justice system, for example, increasing the number of arrests as a leave of an increase in crime and public pressure will impact on the criminal justice system. The populations of jails will increase and court dockets and caseloads of prosecuting attorneys will expand29.Governments and essentially, the political climate is another strong organisational environment that could affect any organisation, especially the criminal justice system. For example, governments response to political conditions can be passed on to an organisation and its agencies within the system30.Governments can be influenced to change budgets and mandates, and to alter the composition of tallness administrative personnel. It can be argued that such change in organisational environment has led to the development and application of several justice simulates throughout history. shekels and Smith31 identified seven justice models that have been developed and used from the 1600s through to the 1990s. These includes the colonial, penitentiary, reformatory, progressive, medical, conjunction and crime control.As the political climate changed in the 1970s and 1980s, a regenerate emphasis on the crime control model of corrections developed. The crime control model emphasizes efficacy and the capacity to catch, try, convict and punish a high p roportion of offenders it also stresses speed and finality over the caution against the possibility of innocent people being adversely impacted32. One can argued that these above mentioned components of the crime control model are actually deficiencies and could be part of the reasons why the US criminal justice system is fragmented and not functioning at optimum level.Besides environmental or external influences, the structure of the American criminal justice system lends itself to faults and inefficiency. The U.S. criminal justice system is designed sequentially with interrelated parts. For example, finalitys in the criminal justice system are made in a detail order33. The police must make the arrest before the offender is prosecuted, the prosecutors decisions determine the temper of the courts activity, prosecutors and judges cannot bypass the police and make arrests and corrections officials cannot punish anyone who has not been through the earlier states of the puzzle out 3 4.This process creates an exchange relationship among the reveal decision makers in the criminal justice system that could impact goals, objectives and policy development35. In this light, it get alongs that a cause and effect relationship exists for every decision made by system members and this undoubtedly can greatly impact system efficiency and outcomes.Moreover, amongst these different segments of the criminal justice system, difference in the goals of retribution, deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation create differing operating policies that not only affect the efficiency and outcomes of the system, but also how the society at large, and the offenders in particular, view the system.While the public continue to see the system as unjust the results of national research commissioned by the lax Society Institute, part of the Soros foundations network, discovered that 65 percent of Americans believe that the countrys criminal justice system comprises an ineffective, p urely punitive approach to crime 36 the criminal justice professionals are also becoming more cynical about the systemic functions of the criminal justice system, which is perceived as becoming more command with case processing efficiencies rather than justice and crime control37.Criminal justice experts argue that the criminal justice system is not a system at all but a sequence of sovereign agencies and activities, individually one generating a caseload for another, and each one competing for adequate resources from the public purse 38. There is a universal dissatisfaction among all players in the system offenders feel injustices, which hinder rehabilitation victims are re-victimised by the system because of inadequate coordination of services the public believes that justice was not done and criminal justice professionals are cynical because case processing supersedes the preferred system outcomes39. An overview of the components of the criminal justice system could only help to further strengthen this argument.The police is in most cases, the foremost agency in the criminal justice system. However, most police departments function within the crime control model, and remain enforcement oriented. The priorities of most police departments are largely independent of the influence of the police agencys external environment 40. Regardless of the rate and types of crime a police jurisdiction experiences, police administrators view protecting the public from crime as a priority, with less interest in providing services or order maintenance functions41.This crime control approach is narrow but popular and neglects the community-based service and order maintenance activities 42. Therefore one can argue that the crime control philosophy of the U.S. police force and the influence of the crime control model itself aggravate police operating policies and also contribute to certain levels of systemic fragmentation.In the same vein, it is apparent that the crime cont rol model of justice also impacts on the prosecutorial component of the U.S. criminal justice system. It is argued that contemporary prosecutorial systems concenter on mass case processing because of the influence of the crime control model. It requires prosecutors and judges to work too closely together in an attempt to achieve case processing efficiency.The crime control model compels judges to adhere to the sentencing recommendations of prosecuting attorneys, pre-sentence recommendations can develop into recommendations from the prosecutor, and probation officers pre-sentence reports become incidental 43. From this arrangement, one can infer that since the prosecutor drives the criminal case, this process could have an adverse impact on individual indemnifys, due process and the effective overall effective administration of justice.While the crime control model could also impact on the court system, influencing mass production and prosecution of criminal cases and requiring the judges to act in unison with the prosecutors, there appears to be another significant problem with the American court systems. The majority of American trial courts are highly decentralised, with local judges deciding cases that pass through the courts and also administering the court. Although, this is so structured so that courts are close to the people and thus responsive to their values, this arrangement makes courts subject to local political influences and community values44.While some might argue that the courts are intentionally structured for these reasons, so that in the process, each court develops its own legal culture with differing ways to administer rules, procedures and justice, there are grave disadvantages of this arrangement. Beside disadvantages such as differences among local court cultures and decisions, duplication of process and poor use of legal resources, there are worst problems, and as evident in the Michael Jackson trial, this arrangement makes the cour t and in essence the self-coloured criminal justice system open and susceptible to external political, culturally etc influences therefore undermining the criminal justice system in entirety45.Irrespective of what has been said so far, one important characteristic of the U.S. criminal justice system, and perhaps a trend in most Western countries, is the increasing use of crime as a political issue. The special task force of federal state and local law enforcement officials, as well as independent scholars from across the political spectrum put together by the American close up Association in 200346 reached an unanimous conclusion that the increasing federal influences on criminal justice portends unsafe danger to government, individual liberty and effectiveness of the criminal justice system.The task force report indicated that for more than a hundred years after the adoption of the Constitution the federal criminal code was special to treason, bribery of federal officials, pe rjury in federal court, theft of government property and revenue fraud. However, the present body of federal criminal law is so vast that there is no complete list of federal crimes. There are an estimated 4000 criminal statutes which have been enacted by Congress, but in addition to these there are some 10,000 federal regulations which have legal sanctions for their violation.Put together, the various criminal statutes, regulations and judicial rulings governing how these statutes are enforced comprise 4 million (4,000,000) varlets of text. In addition to the 4 million page criminal code there are also general laws against Interfering with Interstate Commerce and impingement of Civil Rights which are constantly being expanded to cover new activities, and each year approximately 1000 new criminal statutes are considered for adoption by Congress. It is needless to say, again, that despite attempts by politicians to appear tough on crime the federal crime fighting effort has had no a ppreciable effect at reducing violent crime47.Unfortunately, while the increasing political influence on criminal justice has had to appreciable effect on crime rates, it has created a myriad of problems and authority problems for the criminal justice system. near of these problems identified in the task force report includeSelective Prosecution. Because only .2% of violent crimes are prosecuted on the federal level, US attorneys must cherry pick specific cases on which to focus. There are no federal guidelines and no judicial review over which cases federal prosecutors decide to pursue or not. As a result the prosecution and punishment of a few individuals will differ radically from the majority of people in the same area who commit the exact same crime.A real danger exists that a federal prosecutor will discriminate against a particular group of people, and that those people will have no recourse. Additionally, federal and state sentencing guidelines reflect very different prior ities, which may not well serve the cause of justice. Federal sentencing guidelines for non-violent offences tend to be harsher than for states, while state sentencing for violent crimes is much harsher than for federal. all overburdening the federal judiciary. The federal courts were not designed or intended to handle more than a fistful of criminal cases. The federal courts were initially set up to rule on civil cases involving disputes between individuals or corporations in different states. The primary role of federal courts to adjudicate civil disputes has been seriously hampered as more and more of their time must be devoted to criminal matters. The result is that interstate cases requiring federal attention are delayed to accommodate criminal cases which could also be tried at the state level.beguilement and Diversion of Local Police. The blurring of responsibility for a certain conduct between federal and local police may have the ironic effect of discouraging and confusin g local police efforts. Some local entities because of assumption of federal jurisdiction may hesitate in pursuing certain types of conduct. Some crimes may go uninvestigated as each level assumes that the other is taking responsibility.On the opposite side is the potential for an unhealthy competition or resentment between local and federal law enforcement. Turf wars could result between local district attorneys and US attorneys as each tries to claim jurisdiction over high profile crimes. It may even occur that one jurisdiction or the other will make an arrest before a case is sound in an effort to beat the other entity. overlook of Local Expertise. Federal law enforcement agencies lack the local expertise, knowledge of the area, contact with local informants, familiarity with local citizens, and send of the local community which is such a help in the investigation and prevention of crime. In as much as federal law enforcement crowds out local police the federalisation of law enf orcement is foretell productive and weakens the criminal justice system48.More importantly, the increasing politicising of criminal justice system creates a mis ideaion about the essence of punishment and how to administer punitive measures. It is obvious that punishment is the most complex process within the criminal justice system and the inconsistencies associated with comprehending this process may be reasons for the weakening and inefficiency of the system.According to the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy49, the ideal of punishment its definition and its practical application and justification have during the last few decades shown a coarse drift away from efforts to reform and rehabilitate offenders towards retribution and incarceration. Von Hirsch50 placed the concept of punishment in the right perspective when he argued that punishment is more socially than individually based and he based this concept of punishment on fairness.For example, when someone infringes ano thers rights, the person gains an foul advantage over others in society. The punishment for this act imposes a counterbalance disadvantage on the offender and restores balance 51. The author then argued that if the system is unjust regarding the administration of punishment (in other words, it is undeserved, unfair, unnecessary or extreme) a social crime may be perceived by the offender therefore the offender perceives society as having an unfair advantage. As a result of these actions, social retaliation could be committed by the offender, in the form of prejudice, hostility, resistance, a criminal act and other acts of deviance in order to maintain the social equilibrium. putting the argument in this essay thus far into perspective, it becomes apparent that the weakness and inefficiency of the U.S criminal justice system is a as a result of a mix-match of factors. The multiple approaches to the mission of US criminal justice systems have led to the erosion of a common purpose, re sulting in a mix of both high-octane and inefficient systems. This essay has brought forth information that has clarified the argument that states have failed to plan collectively resulting in a fragmented system of justice. This departure has led to state specific methods of criminal justice processes that have had a widespread adverse impact on the offender, the re-integration process and thus the effectiveness of the criminal justice system as a whole.Again, the state specific nature of the American criminal justice system makes the system more susceptible to local political influences, while the increasing federalising of criminal justice systems, on the other hand, also open the system to influences from the federal level. Taken as a whole, politics appear to play significant role in the direction and outcomes of criminal cases, and this, most evident from the Michael Jackson trial, speaks volumes about the weakness of the system.Considering the outcomes and consequences of th e trial, it is obvious that the verdict of the trial was a result of a lot of influences. However, one fact that stands out from the trial appears to be that equity and equality is not really a characteristic of the system. In essence, environmental influences, fostered on the system due to the crime control model of justice, appeared to have complicated the judicial process, hindered due process, stagnated programme development and in sum, considerably hindered the effective administration of justice through the criminal justice system.ConclusionLike every other celebrity trial in history, the Michael Jackson trial offered a cocktail of fame, sex and violence, and most importantly, a test of the American criminal justice system. Though, there have been concerns about the effectiveness of the U.S. criminal justice systems, this trial further helped to strengthen such worries.Criminal Justice refers to the system used by government to maintain social control, prevent crime, enforce l aws, and administer justice. The police, prosecution, courts and corrections facilities are the major component of any criminal justice system. Unfortunately, most modern criminal justice systems take an ineffective punitive approach to crime control. This effort has failed to combat crime, and in most cases it has further increased crime rates. In the American situation, external influences such as legal, culturally and political influences on the American criminal justice system has helped to produce a weak, fragmented and utterly ineffective criminal justice system that appears to only dance to the tune of these influences.Beside these external influences, the structure of the American criminal justice system lends itself to faults and inefficiency. The U.S. criminal justice system is designed sequentially with interrelated parts with decisions in the criminal justice system made in a specific order. This process creates an exchange relationship among the key decision makers in t he criminal justice system that could impact goals, objectives and policy development and thus tend to hold a cause and effect relationship exists for every decision made by system members.And this fact has been distinctly brought to the fore by the Michael Jackson trial. While the prosecutor indicted Jackson on a ten count charge of child molestation, the jury acquitted him of all charges under circumstances that left(a) so much to be imagined. The consequences of the acquittal have further lent credence to the argument that the process through which Jackson was acquitted was not as just as would be expected. It has also clearly showed that the structure of the American criminal justice system is one that allows for external influences to determine the direction and/or outcomes of the system.EndnotesOlsen, Eric (2005). Michael Jackson runnel Closing Arguments Begin. BC Magazine, posted on 2nd June.Camon , Alessandro (2005). Guilty Online Essay forthcoming at http//dir.salon.com /story/ent/feature/2005/06/14/jackson_essay/index.htmlSmith, Leslie J (2003). The Organizational Environment and Its Influence on State Criminal Justice Systems Within The United States And The Offender Re-Integration Process. Criminal Justice Studies, Vol. 16(2), Pp.97112 Weich, Ronald and Carlos Angulo (2000). Justice on outpouring Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System. Report prepared for the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights and the Leadership Conference Education Fund.Beck, A. and P. Paige (2001). Prisoners in 2000. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, US Department of Justice, August.US Department of Justice (Bureau of Justice Statistics) (2002). Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, June On-Line serial NCJ 193427, pp. 116.US Department of Justice. IbidJackson not guilty. CNN tidings Report posted on Tuesday, June 14, 2005. easy at http//www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/06/13/jackson.trial/index.html/ Olsen, Eric (2005). Michael Jackson Trial Closing Argu ments Begin. BC Magazine, posted on 2nd June.Jackson not guilty. aboveCounty of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). PR Michael Jackson. sign release. Available at http//www.countyofsb.org/da/documents/PR-Michael%20Jackson.pdf. Jackson not guilty. Supra, Olsen, Eric (2005). SupraOlsen, Eric (2005). SupraCamon, Alessandro (2005). IbidCounty of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). IbidJackson not guilty. IbidCounty of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). IbidOlsen, Eric (2005). IbidJackson not guilty. IbidJackson not guilty. IbidCounty of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). IbidOlsen, Eric (2005). IbidThe Michael Jackson File From Superstar to Suspect, complete(a) Coverage of Trouble in Neverland. E Online available at http//www.eonline.com/Features/Features/JacksonNews/index.html,Jackson Juror Sues Over Book Deal. Contact Music (2005). Available athttp//www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/jackson%20juror%20sues%20over%20book%20dealCounty of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). IbidHahn, P. H. (1998). appear Trends in C riminal Justice, 1011158160 Cole, G. F. and C. E. Smith (1998). The American System of Criminal Justice, 8, 2240, 143257, 456.Smith, Leslie J (2003). IbidRichard C. Hanes and Sharon M. Hanes (2005). disgust and Punishment in America. Volume 1. Thomas Gale. Farmington Hills, MIUS Department of Justice. IbidSmith, Leslie J (2003). IbidKolfas, J., S. Stojkovic, and D. Kalinich (1990). Defining the environment of the criminal justice system. Criminal Justice Organizations Administration and Management. Belmont, CA Wadsworth, pp. 1830Kolfas, et al Supra p. 20.Kolfas, et al. Ibid p. 21Cole, G. F. and C. E. Smith (1998). The American System of Criminal Justice, 8, 2240, 143257, 456Cole and Smith (1998). Supra p. 9.Cole and Smith (1998). Ibid p. 22.Cole and Smith (1998). Ibid p. 23.Cole and Smith (1998). Ibid p. 22.Open Society Institute (2002) Majority of Americans debate U.S. Criminal Justice System is Broken, Ineffective See Need for Change. Soros Foundation Network. Available at http/ /www.soros.org/initiatives/justice/news/systembroken_20020213Smith, Leslie J (2003). IbidSmith, M. E. (Ed.) (1996). Who wants an effective crime policy and can deliver one? In weightlift for an effective crime policy. crime and Politics in the 1990s Three Perspectives. Washington, D.C. Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy.Smith, (1996). SupraZhao, J. and Q. C. Thurman (1997). Community policing where are we now? Crime and Delinquency, 43(3), 345357.Zhao and Thurman. Supra p. 345Zhao and Thurman. Supra p. 345347Cole and Smith (1998). Ibid Petersilia, J. (2000). When Prisoners take back to the Community Political, Economic, and Social Consequences, Sentencing and Corrections Issues for the 21st Century, November. Washington, D.C. US Department of Justice Hahn, (1998). IbidSmith, Leslie J (2003). IbidSmith, Leslie J (2003). Ibid, Savelsberg, Joachim J., Lara L. Cleveland, Ryan D. female monarch (June 2004). Institutional Environments and Scholarly Work American Criminology, 1951- 1993. Social Forces 82(4) p1275-1302American Bar Association (2003). Summary of the American Bar AssociationsReport on the Federalization of Criminal Law. Available at http//www.localsov.com/abuses/justice/abasum.htmAmerican Bar Association (2003). SupraAmerican Bar Association (2003). SupraStanford Encyclopeadia of Philosophy (2005). Punishment. Retrieved 4th April 2007 from http//plato.stanford.edu/Von Hirsch, A. (1996). Doing justice the filling of punishments. Criminal Justice, 3, 147152.Von Hirsch (1996). Supra p. 147BibliographyAmerican Bar Association (2003). Summary of the American Bar AssociationsReport on the Federalization of Criminal Law. Available at http//www.localsov.com/abuses/justice/abasum.htmBeck, A. and P. Paige (2001). Prisoners in 2000. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, US Department of Justice, August.Bedau, H. A., 2001, Feinbergs Liberal Theory of Punishment, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 5, pp. 103-44.Camon , Alessandro (2005). Guilty Online Essay avail able at http//dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2005/06/14/jackson_essay/index.htmlCole, George F., Christopher E. Smith (2005). Criminal Justice in America. Thomson.County of Santa Barbara, CA (2003). PR Michael Jackson. Press release. Available at http//www.countyofsb.org/da/documents/PR-Michael%20Jackson.pdfThe Michael Jackson File From Superstar to Suspect, Complete Coverage of Trouble in Neverland. E Online available at http//www.eonline.com/Features/Features/JacksonNews/index.htmlWalker, Samuel (1992). Origins of the Contemporary Criminal Justice Paradigm The American Bar Foundation Survey, 1953-1969. Justice Quarterly 9(1).Savelsberg, Joachim J., Lara L. Cleveland, Ryan D. King (June 2004). Institutional Environments and Scholarly Work American Criminology, 1951-1993. Social Forces 82(4) p1275-1302Richard C. Hanes and Sharon M. Hanes (2005). Crime and Punishment in America. Volume 1. Thomas Gale. Farmington Hills, MIStanford Encyclopeadia of Philosophy (2005). Punishment. Retr ieved 4th April 2007 from http//plato.stanford.edu/Open Society Institute (2002) Majority of Americans remember U.S. Criminal Justice System is Broken, Ineffective See Need for Change. Soros Foundation Network. Available at http//www.soros.org/initiatives/justice/news/systembroken_20020213Kraska, Peter B (ed) (2001). Militarizing the American Criminal Justice System The Changing Roles of the Armed Forces and the Police. northeasterly University Press.Jackson not guilty. CNN News Report posted on Tuesday, June 14, 2005. Available at http//www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/06/13/jackson.trial/index.html/Olsen, Eric (2005). Michael Jackson Trial Closing Arguments Begin. BC Magazine, posted on 2nd June.Jackson Juror Sues Over Book Deal. Contact Music (2005). Available athttp//www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/jackson%20juror%20sues%20over%20book%20dealNutley, Sandra and Huw T.O. Davies (1999). The Rise and Fall of point in Criminal Justice. Public Money Management, January-March.Sm ith, Leslie J (2003). The Organizational Environment and Its Influence on State Criminal Justice Systems Within The United States And The Offender Re-Integration Process. Criminal Justice Studies, Vol. 16(2), Pp.97112.Weich, Ronald and Carlos Angulo (2000). Justice on Trial Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System. Report prepared for the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights and the Leadership Conference Education Fund.Cole, G. F. and C. E. Smith (1998). The American System of Criminal Justice, 8, 2240, 143257, 456Hahn, P. H. (1998). Emerging Trends in Criminal Justice, 1011158160.Kolfas, J., S. Stojkovic, and D. Kalinich (1990). Defining the environment of the criminal justice system. Criminal Justice Organizations Administration and Management. Belmont, CA Wadsworth, pp. 1830Petersilia, J. (2000). When Prisoners Return to the Community Political, Economic, and Social Consequences, Sentencing and Corrections Issues for the 21st Century, November. Washington, D.C. US Department of Justice.Smith, M. E. (Ed.) (1996). Who wants an effective crime policy and can deliver one? In campaign for an effective crime policy. Crime and Politics in the 1990s Three Perspectives. Washington, D.C. Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy.US Department of Justice (National Institute of Corrections) (2002). Guidelines for Developing a Criminal Justice Coordinating Committee, January.US Department of Justice (Bureau of Justice Statistics) (2002). Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, June On-Line serial NCJ 193427, pp. 116.Von Hirsch, A. (1996). Doing justice the choice of punishments. Criminal Justice, 3, 147152.Zhao, J. and Q. C. Thurman (1997). Community policing where are we now? Crime and Delinquency, 43(3), 345357.

Difference Between America and South Korea Health Care Essay Example for Free

Difference Between America and randomness Korea Health wield EssayEach res publica has a different procedure when it comes to their health cargon and their c ar with pre and postpartum. few countries squeeze out spend a great amount of money on their health upkeep (such as the united States) solely still might non have the best health guard in the world. Others have special arrangements that new renders and infants foundationnister go by to make sure that they start gain their life in a good and healthy environment. In this paper I am passing to comp atomic number 18 and contrast the infant health c ar and the over any prenatal c are in the linked States and southward Korea by referencing multiple articles and textbooks that focus on this subject. twain countries have various ways in which they handle their health organisation and the care of their youngs. in that location are many factors that determine the health of a newborn such as the nutrition that th e soon to be pay off consumes, the environment that the mother and the tiddler live in, and the hospital that the child is born in. Throughout the years each of these countries have been putting time and money into their health frame with the goal of having the most outstanding health care transcription in the world.Their progress can be recorded in many different ways which result be discussed inside this paper. Also the get together States and South Korea both have very different systems when dealing with prenatal and infant care. One way that the infant care of a rude is measured is through the death wander rate rate of the infants. In fact (Bae et al. , 2011), Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) are cardinal of the most important indices reflecting the level of public health of a country (Abstract Section Para. 1).Without amount and keeping track of these mortality rates, researches would not be able to figure out what countries are on th e job(p) towards a better health care service and which countries take aim admirer. Even though the United States is a unquestionable country, and unlike less developed countries, it should have a high mortality rate. In both actuality the United States has one of the strap mortality rates compared to other counties. According to Levine and Munsch (2012), Despite the wealth and the approachability of ( entirely not always access to) world-class edical facilities, the United States has the same or worse infant mortality rates compared with 37 other industrialized countries (Hoover Institution, 2007) (p. 176).There are reasons for the high mortality rate, such as the fact there are many different races, ethnicities, and social statuses within the United States. Race and ethnicity do have an input in a persons health and their life style. Some races (such as Asians) have a higher(prenominal) life expectancy and a wretcheder mortality rate end-to-end their race be take a shit of the way that they are raised and the traditions that they fallow.The social statuses of the expecting mothers also have an impact on the prospective children because when the parent is fortune of a higher social status, it is assumed that they have a higher level of education and therefore know to a greater extent about how they should care for themselves and their infants. The opposite goes for people who are part of a lower social status. The United States has been lowering the number of infant mortality rates by putting programs in affect to try and help out the health system.Some of these programs are (Bae et al. , 2011), implementation of Medicaid (1965), Medicare (1965), Supplemental Security Income (social health care security programs for children and pregnant women of the lower income group), provision of State Childrens Health Insurance Programs, Children Vaccine Program, Health Start Program (1991, Early Head Start Program, abounding day care service, parent educatio n, case management, Community Resource Assistant) (Discussion Section para. ) and much to a greater extent. The United States has more programs to help reduce the risk of infant mortality and various diseases, they are also work on other ways to help out the infant mortality rate by focusing on premature and low-birth weight babies. According to Levine and Munsch (2012), Birth data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007a) for 2005 free-base that the rate of premature births in the United States is 12. 7% or 525,000 babies annually (p. 178).This number is high for premature births and these programs that are being put into place should help lower it. Even with all of these programs working toward a better health system, South Korea has less of an infant mortality rate. South Korea has improved its health system throughout the years and it has shown in their child care. Their country includes programs such as (Bae et al. , 2011), tests for inborn error of metabolism and care for sick infants (1991), registration of pre-term and congenital ab sane neonates and medical examination expense support 2000), early diagnosis of deafness (2007), campaign for preventing blindness of preschoolers (2000), prevention of maternal hepatitis B infection (2002(Discussion Section Para. 1) and much more. There are also more programs that are scheduled to appear throughout the fallowing years. As mentioned before it is easier for South Korea to keep their infant mortality rate down because they do not have to focus on many different nationalities in their country, most of the population in South Korea are Korean.If you compare the both countries and the programs that they are producing it is shown the South Korea has been receiving more advances in the 2000s while the United States had a breakthrough in their health care in the 1900s. Copy right-hand(a) 2011 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. This chart shows that South Korea started run int o with a higher mortality rate and it had a drastic decline. The United States had a decline in the 1900s and during the 2000s it started to stabilize. Copyright 2011 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.This Chart gives a better judgment as to where the United States and South Korea stand with other countries. Neither of them are the best or the worst country, so far they are on opposite sides of the scale. It is expected for the United States to have a lower mortality rate because of the amount of money put into their health care system, but according to the chart this does not appear to be true. South Korea has a lot of respect when it comes to their infants. They determine their children as the future to their country and they are willing to do anything to make sure that their infants are well taken care of.This is shown through the data on the chart above because South Korea is closer to the bottom of the scale instead of the top. Both South Korea and the United States ha ve a different hospital system. South Korea has a post-natal care quick-wittedness called a sanhujoriwon. According to Yeon-soo (2013), Dozens of mothers and newborns stay to receiveher in such facilities and more than half of the places absorb as non-medical institutions, leading to occasional bothers with hygienic management.To prevent mass infection among babies at sanhujoriwons, the government deep beefed up disease surveillance of workers there and instituted a standard terms of use (Para. 2) South Korea is the lonesome(prenominal) country that has these facilities available for their new mothers. Many pregnant women from all over the world come to South Korea just to get this treatment after they give birth.However, this facility is expensive, so not everyone can hold this luxury. According to Yeon-soo (2013), The cost of using an upscale sanhujoriwon is 5 million (4,730 U.S. dollars) to 10 million won (9,460 dollars) for a two-week stay, but the facility is so popular t hat a reservation might not be thinkable if not made six to seven months prior to childbirth (para. 4). That is the price for the most expensive and busty places other places can be thousands of dollars cheaper. In these facilities the nurses make sure that the patients get the right exercise (such as light yoga) and eat the correct food so that their recovery after birth will be as pleasant and beneficial as possible.They also care for the newborn and make sure that they get the nutrients that they need in the first couple of weeks. This helps out the new mother because they have time to unwind and recover while their baby is getting the necessary care that is needed. When the mother is ready to go home base after a couple of weeks they have a better time adjusting to their new life with a baby because they had the rest and help that they needed. In the United States they do not have these same accommodations but they to do have systems to help out the new mother.The United Sta tes has many medical professionals to help with neonatal and postnatal care. Some of those occupations include (Link, Jakubeez, Temple, 2013), neonatologist, neonatal nurse practitioners, bedside nurses, a clinical pharmacist, neonatal respiratory therapists, a nutritionist, a social worker, medical residents, and medical students (Backgroud Section Para. 1). With a hospital consisting of these medical professionals the patients are apt(predicate) to get the help that they need while going through the birthing process.Also many hospitals are expanding in the United States to include more room for neonatal care. The Hillcrest Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio expanded their hospital and included (Link, Jakubeez, Temple, 2013),a new 24 bed level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and additional beds to accommodate high-risk maternal medicine patients (Background Section para. 1). They expanded their hospital so that they could care for more patients at once also so that the patients g ot the opportunity to receive the best care available to them.Usually after a mother gives birth (depending on the birthing method), the mother will stay at the hospital for a couple of days, and then return home. While at the hospital the nurses will help the mother with nursing, feeding, and changing the child. They will also make sure that the mother is recovering well after the birthing process. Both in the United States and in South Korea, they have programs to help mothers and infants after birth. However, the system in South Korea is more advanced because it keeps the mother and infants for a longer finale of time which is more beneficial to their health.Nutrition to a pregnant women is a very important factor. If the mother does not get the correct nutrition than they are putting themselves at risks for multiple diseases. Also they are not only putting themselves at risk but they are also putting their unhatched baby at risk. Some diseases that the mother can catch from b ad nutrition are gestational diabetes, gestational hyptertension, and preeclampsia. Gestational diabetes when not looked after turns into gestational hyptertension the worst out of the three that were mentioned is preeclampsia.This is because (Sizer Whitney, 2011), Preeclampsia affects near all of the mothers organsthe circulatory system, liver, kidneys, and brain (p. 508). If all of these organs are unnatural than the baby is at a serious risk of getting hurt. Most of these diseases will disappear after giving birth, but it raises the risk for the mother to catch another serious disease, such as face two diabetes. When a pregnant women is diagnosed with having gestational diabetes they are more likely to catch type two diabetes later on in life. It might not be right away but it could witness a couple of years later.Also they are more likely to be diagnosed with gestational diabetes once again if they ever become pregnant again. Being overweight and pregnant is a big risk dur ing pregnancy. In fact (Chen et al. , 2013), Metabolic impairments in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) induce an abnormal environment in peripheral blood and cause vascular structure alterations which affect the placental development and function (Abstract atom Para. 1). As mentioned before it does not only affect the mother but it also affects the unborn child, but it also affects the child after they are born. Using APA, 2013), The historical poor outcomes of pre-gestational diabetes are testimony to the deadly effects of high glucose in early pregnancy as manifest by congenital malformations and in later pregnancy as evidenced by LGA large-for-gestational-age and its consequences. (para. 2).The reason why this is more of a problem in the United States is because they have a higher obesity record than South Korea has. So more women throughout the United States are developing these diseases than women in South Korea. (Amamoto et al. 005) Comparison of body mass p owerfulness (BMI) distributions in Japan and Korea showed the highest value in the normal category (74%) together with a very low obesity rate (1. 2%) (Results section para. 1). Since South Korea has a low obesity rate within their, they are less likely to give birth to large babies. However, the opposite goes for Women who live in the United States and are obese. This is a problem because (Sizer Whitney, 2011), The infant of an obese mother may be larger than normal and may be large even if born prematurely.The large early baby may not be recognized as premature and thus may not receive the special medical care required (p. 492). A premature baby might not be completely developed and need medical assistance after the birth. If the doctors dont know that the baby has developmental problems than the newborn runs the risk of dying. This could also explained for the high mortality rate in the United States since they have a higher rate of obesity and it is difficult to label a child a s premature and unhealthy if they are at a healthy weight.The environment that the pregnant women is living in is very crucial to her and her unborn childs health. There are many illnesses that a woman can pass on to her child from environments that are hazards. When a mother is in her embryonic stage her baby is at a point of rapid development. This is a very crucial stage because the baby is starting to grow their organs, however they are also more likely to catch a disease which could cause a deformity during this stage.If the mother catches a disease than they are more likely during this stage to pass it to their baby which could cause a miscarriage or deformities. The issue of the environment is more of a problem for South Korea because of all the pollution that is in the air. South Korea is a very overpopulated country (especially in Seoul) and with all the cars and factories the air gets advantageously polluted. According to Sizer and Whitney (2011), Pregnant women who are exposed to contaminants such as lead often bear low-birthweight infants with slow mental and psychomotor developments (p. 04). This is also an issue in some part of the United States, but it depends on where the person lives. If a pregnant women lives next to a factory that produces hazardous smoke than they are more likely to give birth to a baby with deformities. However, in South Korea many pregnant women are exposed to polluted air for most of their pregnancy and some of their babies are born with serious fur problems. There is air pollution everywhere a pregnant women goes but if the pollution is high than they are putting the baby more at risk.There are many factors that play into the prenatal and postnatal health. South Korea and the United States both work hard to make their health system the best that it can be. They have many programs in place and many more programs to come in the future. They are working on their hospitals to make sure they are as convenient as possible so that the mothers and newborns can have the best possible health care. Both countries are working towards lowering their mortality rate and lessening the amount of premature and low-birth-weight children.There is also the nutrition and the environment that the mother is exposed too. A simple factor as being obese can cause serious damage to the mother and the unborn child. Many expecting mothers do not understand that concept so they do not see the risk in it. Of course one country has a better health care system then the other, however they both have pros and cons to their countries. The United States has more funds to deal with and has more medical professionals working in their hospitals so that their patients can receive the best care possible.The negative aspect of the United States is that they have a high obesity rate and a high mortality rate. They also need to work on more programs to lower their mortality rate so that they can have the best possible health care. South K orea has excellent postnatal care, which many people around the world indispensableness to experience and be a part of. Also they have a low level of obesity so they are not as likely as the United States to get the diseases that come on with being overweight.The negative aspect of Korea is that their environment is not the best because of the pollution that is surrounding the air. South Korea is an overpopulated country so the air is filled with pollutants that are not good for a pregnant woman and can cause low-birth weight and birth defects. Overall both countries have areas in their health care system that they have to work on and areas outside of their health care system that they need to address. However, as of right now South Korea has a more exceptional health care system than the United States, especially when it comes to infant care.